Brazil is very much a democracy. It has a presidential and federal governance system. Its present constitution provides strong protections for civil liberties. It also guarantees many rights including right to employment, healthcareand childcare. There is an independent judiciary, central bank and media and the nation has seen a peaceful transition of power since it […]
Chile is a steady democracy that has experienced a substantial expansion of political rights and civil liberties after the return of civilian rule in 1990. Enduring concerns include corruption and unrest related to land disputes with Indigenous Mapuche people. Electoral Process Presidential elections in Chile are known to be free and fair. Direct elections are […]
Colombia is amongst the longest-standing Latin American democracies, but one with a history of serious human rights abuses and widespread violence. Public institutions have shown the capacity to check executive power, and the nation’s main left-wing guerrilla group signed a peace accord in 2016. However, Colombia faces huge challenges in consolidating peace and guaranteeing civil […]
Governmental structure: the quest for a balance between the legislative and executive powers The 1987 Constitution specifies in no uncertain terms that Haiti is a Republic where three powers coexist: the legislative, executive and judicial. The President, elected via direct universal suffrage, is not only the Head of State but even the head of the […]
El Salvador’s President NayibBukele was re-elected on February 4, 2024, despite a constitutional ban on successive terms, and his New Ideas party secured a supermajority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Voters rewarded the incumbent for radically improving the nation’s internal security situation, ignoring that he had eroded constitutional checks and balances and crimped civil […]
Grenada is a parliamentary democracy where credible elections are held regularly. Enduring concerns include violence against women and children, corruption and discrimination against LGBT+ people. Political Rights The prime minister, generally the leader of the largest party in Parliament, is head of government. Following the June 2022 elections, National Democratic Congress (NDC) leader Dickon Mitchell […]
Constitutional framework The constitution of The Bahamas, embraced upon independence in 1973, is based on the Westminster model—i.e., that of the UK. The bicameral parliament consists of the House of Assembly and the Senate, whose powers are restricted in comparison to those of the House. The formal head of state is still the British monarch, […]
The basis of Canada’s written constitution is the Constitution Act, 1867. This act provisions one Parliament for Canada, comprising of three distinct elements: the Crown, the House of Commonsand the Senate. So, it’s clear that Canada is a parliamentary democracy. But it is a federal state and responsibility for lawmaking is shared among one federal, […]
Officially known as Antigua and Barbuda, the island nation is made up of two main islands, Antigua and Barbuda. It was the great explorer Christopher Columbus on one of his Voyages to the region in 1493 that he first sighted the islands that are now Antigua and Barbuda. The British Empire began to colonize Antigua […]
Bahrain was the site of the ancient Bronze Age Civilization of Dilmun. It was an Important trade centre, linking trade routes between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley as early as 5,000 years ago. Bahrain’s location has made it susceptible to be ruled by many different empires throughout history.
Brief History Jordan, located in the Middle East, has a rich history influenced by various civilizations. During the Iron Age, the Ammonites, Moabites, and Edomites established kingdoms in present-day Jordan. These kingdoms interacted with ancient Israel and were mentioned in biblical texts. In the 1st century CE, the Roman Empire expanded its influence into the […]
Tetra Tech aided the Government of Georgia in strengthening transparency and effectiveness of governance by improving policy making and public administration, and strengthening parliamentary oversight, and increasing civic engagement. Over the last two decades, the Government of Georgia has taken great strides toward strengthening democracy by reforming the transparency and effectiveness of its government institutions. […]
While the Iranian plateau did not experience any rise of urban, literate civilization in the later 4th and early 3rd millennia on the Mesopotamian model, lowland Khūzestān did. Elamite civilization was centred in lowland Khūzestān. Geographically, Elam encompassed more than Khūzestān; it was a combination of the lowlands and the immediate highland regions to the […]
The first group of people to leave lasting traces in Bulgaria were the Thracians. They were a tribal society and were skilled horsemen, farmers, and artisans. Thracians generally lived in fortified villages on hilltops, avoiding urban life. Eventually, they were conquered by Macedonian king Alexander the Great, and later the Roman Empire. At about 1000 […]
